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1.
BMC Prim Care ; 24(1): 204, 2023 10 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37794330

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are overprescribed for respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, the decision to prescribe is often complex. Delayed antibiotic prescription (DAP), a strategy designed to promote more rational antibiotic use, is still not widely used. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions and attitudes in primary care professionals, regarding antibiotic use and different DAP strategies for uncomplicated RTIs. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study, using an inductive thematic approach to generate themes, based on focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with professionals, recruited from 6 primary care centres (Barcelona metropolitan area, Spain). RESULTS: 26 professionals (25 family physicians and one nurse) were included in four focus group discussions and three semi-structured interviews. Participants commented that RTIs were a main reason for consultation, motivated often by patient anxiety and fear of possible complications, and this was associated with the patients' poor health-related education. Acknowledging inappropriate antibiotic use in the health system, participants attributed this, mainly to defensive medicine strategies. DAP was used when in doubt about the aetiology, and considering factors related to patient-physician interactions. The main perceived advantage of DAP was that it could reduce the need for additional visits, while the main disadvantage was uncertainty regarding proper use by the patient. CONCLUSIONS: DAP was used by participants in cases of doubt, in specific situations, and for specific patient profiles. Weak points were detected in our primary care system and its users that affect the proper use of both antibiotics and DAP, namely, time pressure on professionals, poor patient health-related education, and the lack of a patient-physician relationship in some scenarios.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Infecções Respiratórias , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Médicos de Família , Prescrições de Medicamentos
3.
Rev. salud pública ; 23(5): e400, Sep.-Oct. 2021. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377208

RESUMO

RESUMEN La atención sanitaria en general y la atención primaria de salud en particular necesitan ser pensadas y desarrolladas atendiendo a las cambiantes realidades sanitarias y sociales. Dichas realidades, complejas y diversas en función de las particularidades de cada país y la evolución de sus servicios de salud, presentan a su vez determinados retos comunes a los que también deberíamos responder de manera compartida. El presente trabajo es una reflexión abierta acerca de las características básicas de la atención primaria desde una perspectiva internacional, elaborada y compartida en el contexto del II Simposio de Atención Primaria Social, organizado por la Universidad de Caldas en noviembre de 2019. Utilizando la metáfora de la travesía por mar, se resitúan los principales atributos y condicionantes de la atención primaria a modo de carta de navegación y se sugieren los referentes de una posible brújula que puedan servirnos para sortear amenazas y avanzar conjuntamente hacia una atención primaria pública de calidad y al servicio de la salud de nuestras poblaciones.


ABSTRACT Health care in general and Primary Health Care in particular need to be thought and developed in response to changing health and social realities. These realities, complex and diverse depending on the particularities of each country and the evolution of their health services, present at the same time certain common challenges to which we should also respond in a shared way. The present work is an open reflection about the basic characteristics of Primary Health Care from an international perspective, elaborated and shared in the II Symposium of Social Primary Care organized by the University of Caldas in November 2019. Using the metaphor of the sea crossing, the main attributes and constraints of Primary Health Care are restored as a navigation chart and the references of a possible compass are suggested, which could serve us for the sake of threats and jointly advance towards a quality, public Primary Health Care at the health service of our new populations.

4.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 52(5): 335-344, mayo 2020. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201078

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Conocer las percepciones y actitudes de profesionales médicos de familia (MF) ante consultas con gran componente emocional, denominadas inicialmente «consultas sagradas», e identificar ámbitos de mejora en su atención. DISEÑO: Metodología cualitativa con enfoque sociosubjetivo orientado a los servicios de salud. Estudio descriptivo-interpretativo. Emplazamiento: Centros de salud de Araba y Bizkaia. Participantes y/o contextos: Selección de 23 MF de 23 centros de salud urbanos y rurales. MÉTODO: Muestreo intencional buscando la diversidad discursiva. Datos generados en 2016 mediante 3 grupos de discusión y 3 entrevistas individuales grabadas y transcritas tras consentimiento informado. Presentación al Comité de Ética de Euskadi. Análisis temático con ayuda de mapas conceptuales y programa MaxQDA. Triangulación de los resultados entre investigadores y verificación por los participantes. Resultados y discusión: Los hallazgos se agruparon en áreas temáticas solapadas entre sí y relacionadas con el significado de dichas consultas, actitudes profesionales, contexto sanitario y pacientes. Se subraya la importancia de lo emocional en las consultas de atención primaria y su invisibilización, pero se cuestiona la idoneidad del término «sagradas». Su expresión se construye en la interrelación MF-paciente si el personal médico lo favorece y el paciente lo permite, discutiéndose las principales circunstancias que intervienen en una dimensión considerada clave de la integralidad de la atención. CONCLUSIONES: La atención a la dimensión emocional en la consulta presenta deficiencias que es necesario subsanar. Además de su reconocimiento y evaluación, sería preciso modificar los factores organizativos, formativos y profesionales que condicionan la implicación del personal MF en su buena asistencia


OBJECTIVE: To determine the perceptions and attitudes of the general practitioners (GP) towards consultations with great emotional component, initially called "sacred encounters", and to identify areas of improvement. DESIGN: A qualitative methodology based on a socio-subjective approach and focused on health services research. Descriptive-interpretative study. LOCATION: Health Centres of Alava and Biscay. Participants Selection of 23 GP from 23 urban and rural Health Centres. METHOD: Intentional sampling aimed at looking for discursive diversity. Data generated in 2016 by means of 3 discussion groups and 3 individual interviews recorded and transcribed after informed consent. Presentation to the ethics committee of the Basque Country. Thematic analysis with the aid of conceptual maps and MaxQDA program. Triangulation of the results between researchers and verification by the participants. Results and discusión: The findings were clustered into overlapping thematic areas related to the meaning of these encounters, attitudes of GP, health context, and patients. The importance of the emotions in primary care encounters and their invisibility is underlined, but the adequacy of the term "sacred" is questioned. This expression is built into the GP-patient relationship, if GP favours it and the patient also allows it, discussing the main circumstances that intervene in an essential dimension of integral care. CONCLUSIONS: The attention to the emotional dimension in the encounters has deficiencies that need to be corrected. In addition to its recognition and evaluation, it would be necessary to modify the organisational, training and professional factors that determine the involvement of the GPs in their good health care


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Emoções , Relações Médico-Paciente , Médicos de Família/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde Rural , Entrevistas como Assunto , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa
5.
Aten Primaria ; 52(5): 335-344, 2020 05.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31029459

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the perceptions and attitudes of the general practitioners (GP) towards consultations with great emotional component, initially called "sacred encounters", and to identify areas of improvement. DESIGN: A qualitative methodology based on a socio-subjective approach and focused on health services research. Descriptive-interpretative study. LOCATION: Health Centres of Alava and Biscay. PARTICIPANTS: Selection of 23 GP from 23 urban and rural Health Centres. METHOD: Intentional sampling aimed at looking for discursive diversity. Data generated in 2016 by means of 3 discussion groups and 3 individual interviews recorded and transcribed after informed consent. Presentation to the ethics committee of the Basque Country. Thematic analysis with the aid of conceptual maps and MaxQDA program. Triangulation of the results between researchers and verification by the participants. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The findings were clustered into overlapping thematic areas related to the meaning of these encounters, attitudes of GP, health context, and patients. The importance of the emotions in primary care encounters and their invisibility is underlined, but the adequacy of the term "sacred" is questioned. This expression is built into the GP-patient relationship, if GP favours it and the patient also allows it, discussing the main circumstances that intervene in an essential dimension of integral care. CONCLUSIONS: The attention to the emotional dimension in the encounters has deficiencies that need to be corrected. In addition to its recognition and evaluation, it would be necessary to modify the organisational, training and professional factors that determine the involvement of the GPs in their good health care.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Emoções , Relações Médico-Paciente , Médicos de Família/psicologia , Terminologia como Assunto , Choro , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Saúde da População Rural , Saúde da População Urbana
6.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 932019 Jan 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30679416

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The provision of informal care determines the existence of health inequalities, as well as gender inequalities, because of women being the most frequent caregivers. The objectives of this study were to characterize the informal caregivers of elderly dependents in Gipuzkoa, to know the impact of caring on health and health related quality of life (HRQoL), and to explain the relationship between sex and consequences attributable to care. METHODS: Cross-sectional study analyzing health (self-perceived health and GHQ-12) and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) data of 123 women and 103 men who took care of a dependent elderly and participated in the first wave of the CUIDAR-SE study in Gipuzkoa. A descriptive study was performed, and a logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between sex and the consequences attributable to care. RESULTS: Women and men were over 60 years old, married, with primary education or less, and took care of their parents mainly. Women presented worse perceived health (46.3% vs 32.0%) and mental health (23.3% vs 13.9%), and more problems in the dimensions of anxiety/depression (35.0% vs 21.4%) and pain/discomfort (52.8% vs 31.1%) of EQ-5D-5L.The regression model showed greater risk of fatigue (OR = 2.83; 95% CI:1.53-5.24) and burden (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06-3.29) among women than among men. CONCLUSIONS: There are gender inequalities in the provision of informal care to dependent elderly people in Gipuzkoa, with women having a greater impact on their health and HRQoL than men. Considering the organization of care in this province, it will be necessary to design improvement actions more suited to the needs of caregivers.


OBJETIVO: La prestación de cuidados informales determina la existencia de desigualdades en salud, a las cuales se suman las desigualdades de género por el papel mayoritario de las mujeres en dicha prestación. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron caracterizar a la población cuidadora informal de mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa, conocer los impactos de cuidar sobre la salud y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), y explicar la relación entre el sexo y las consecuencias atribuibles al cuidado. METODOS: Estudio transversal en el que se analizaron datos de salud (salud percibida y GHQ-12) y CVRS (EQ-5D-5L) de 123 mujeres y 103 hombres cuidadores de mayores dependientes que participaron en la primera oleada del estudio CUIDAR-SE en Gipuzkoa. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, y un análisis de regresión logística para examinar la asociación entre el sexo y las consecuencias del cuidado. RESULTADOS: Mujeres y hombres tenían más de 60 años, estaban casadas/os, tenían educación primaria o inferior, y cuidaban a sus progenitores fundamentalmente. Las mujeres presentaban peor salud percibida (46,3% vs 32,0%) y mental (23,3% vs 13,9%), y más problemas en las dimensiones de ansiedad/depresión (35,0% vs 21,4%) y dolor/malestar (52,8% vs 31,1%) de laEQ-5D-5L. El modelo de regresión mostró mayor riesgo de cansancio (OR=2,83; IC95%:1,53-5,24) y sobrecarga (OR=1,87; IC95%:1,06-3,29) en mujeres que en hombres. CONCLUSIONES: Existen desigualdades de género en la provisión de cuidados informales a mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa, mostrando las mujeres un mayor impacto en su salud y CVRS que los hombres. Considerando la organización del cuidado en esta provincia, será necesario el diseño de acciones de mejora más adecuadas a las necesidades de las personas cuidadoras.


Assuntos
Cuidadores/psicologia , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Domiciliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Dor Crônica/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Fadiga/epidemiologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Feminino , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Assistência Domiciliar/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia
7.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 93: 0-0, 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-189525

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: La prestación de cuidados informales determina la existencia de desigualdades en salud, a las cuales se suman las desigualdades de género por el papel mayoritario de las mujeres en dicha prestación. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron caracterizar a la población cuidadora informal de mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa, conocer los impactos de cuidar sobre la salud y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS), y explicar la relación entre el sexo y las consecuencias atribuibles al cuidado. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en el que se analizaron datos de salud (salud percibida y GHQ-12) y CVRS (EQ-5D-5L) de 123 mujeres y 103 hombres cuidadores de mayores dependientes que participaron en la primera oleada del estudio CUIDAR-SE en Gipuzkoa. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, y un análisis de regresión logística para examinar la asociación entre el sexo y las consecuencias del cuidado. RESULTADOS: Mujeres y hombres tenían más de 60 años, estaban casadas/os, tenían educación primaria o inferior, y cuidaban a sus progenitores fundamentalmente. Las mujeres presentaban peor salud percibida (46,3% vs 32,0%) y mental (23,3% vs 13,9%), y más problemas en las dimensiones de ansiedad/depresión (35,0% vs 21,4%) y dolor/malestar (52,8% vs 31,1%) de laEQ-5D-5L. El modelo de regresión mostró mayor riesgo de cansancio (OR=2,83; IC95%:1,53-5,24) y sobrecarga (OR=1,87; IC95%:1,06-3,29) en mujeres que en hombres. CONCLUSIONES: Existen desigualdades de género en la provisión de cuidados informales a mayores dependientes en Gipuzkoa, mostrando las mujeres un mayor impacto en su salud y CVRS que los hombres. Considerando la organización del cuidado en esta provincia, será necesario el diseño de acciones de mejora más adecuadas a las necesidades de las personas cuidadoras


OBJECTIVE: The provision of informal care determines the existence of health inequalities, as well as gender inequalities, because of women being the most frequent caregivers. The objectives of this study were to characterize the informal caregivers of elderly dependents in Gipuzkoa, to know the impact of caring on health and health related quality of life (HRQoL), and to explain the relationship between sex and consequences attributable to care. METHODS: Cross-sectional study analyzing health (self-perceived health and GHQ-12) and HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L) data of 123 women and 103 men who took care of a dependent elderly and participated in the first wave of the CUIDAR-SE study in Gipuzkoa. A descriptive study was performed, and a logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between sex and the consequences attributable to care. RESULTS: Women and men were over 60 years old, married, with primary education or less, and took care of their parents mainly. Women presented worse perceived health (46.3% vs 32.0%) and mental health (23.3% vs 13.9%), and more problems in the dimensions of anxiety/depression (35.0% vs 21.4%) and pain/discomfort (52.8% vs 31.1%) of EQ-5D-5L.The regression model showed greater risk of fatigue (OR = 2.83; 95% CI:1.53-5.24) and burden (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.06-3.29) among women than among men. CONCLUSIONS: There are gender inequalities in the provision of informal care to dependent elderly people in Gipuzkoa, with women having a greater impact on their health and HRQoL than men. Considering the organization of care in this province, it will be necessary to design improvement actions more suited to the needs of caregivers


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cuidadores/psicologia , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Domiciliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Dor Crônica/epidemiologia , Dor Crônica , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Fadiga/epidemiologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Assistência Domiciliar/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia
8.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 88(1): 113-33, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24728395

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Weaknesses in the collaboration between Primary Care (PC) and Mental Health (MH) are a relevant problem in the care of depressed patients. It is necessary to analyse and appraise the existing models of collaboration to assess their applicability to the Spanish Health System. The aim of this study is to know the main characteristics of the different models of collaboration between PC and MH in the care of patients with depression and the quality of their effectiveness evidence. METHODS: Systematic overview of secondary studies published from 2001 to 2010 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, LILACS, IBECS, IME and The Cochrane Library. Assessment of reviews applying the AMSTAR tool. Approximative synthesis of the quality of evidences. RESULTS: A total of 69 studies were assessed. Quality of evidences is generally low or inconclusive due to the great variability among contexts and the methodological weaknesses. The most effective strategies integrate interventions for assigning responsibility for patient follow-up, redesigning management and communication/information sharing. Overviews of secondary studies on collaborative models facilitate access to published evidence, but entail important methodological challenges. CONCLUSION: The quality of evidences on effectiveness of PC-MH collaboration models in depression care is mainly low or inconclusive, and the more simplified are the analysis of components, processes and implementation conditions, the less meaningful and applicable they are.


Assuntos
Depressão/terapia , Relações Interprofissionais , Saúde Mental , Modelos Teóricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Comportamento Cooperativo , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Espanha
9.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 88(1): 113-133, ene.-feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-121240

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Las carencias en la colaboración entre Atención Primaria (AP) y Salud Mental (SM) constituyen un problema relevante en la atención a los pacientes con depresión. Resulta necesario analizar y evaluar los modelos de colaboración existentes para valorar su aplicabilidad en el sistema de salud español. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer las principales características de los distintos modelos de colaboración AP-SM en la atención a los pacientes diagnosticados de depresión y la calidad de la evidencia científica acerca de su efectividad. Métodos: Meta-revisión sistemática de los estudios secundarios publicados entre 2001 y 2010 en MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, LILACS, IBECS, IME y la Biblioteca Cochrane. Las revisiones se evaluaron mediante la herramienta AMSTAR. Se realizó una síntesis aproximativa de la calidad de las evidencias encontradas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 69 estudios. La variabilidad según contextos y las carencias metodológicas condicionan que la calidad de las evidencias sea en general baja o dudosa. Las estrategias más efectivas integran intervenciones de responsabilización en el seguimiento de los pacientes, rediseños en la gestión, e información y comunicación compartidas. Las meta-revisiones de estudios secundarios sobre modelos colaborativos favorecen la accesibilidad a las evidencias publicadas, pero conllevan importantes retos metodológicos. Conclusiones: La calidad de la evidencia sobre la efectividad de los modelos de colaboración AP-SM durante la atención sanitaria a las personas con depresión es predominantemente baja o dudosa y su significado y aplicabilidad son menores cuanto más se simplifica el análisis de sus componentes, procesos y circunstancias de implementación (AU)


Background: Weaknesses in the collaboration between Primary Care (PC) and Mental Health (MH) are a relevant problem in the care of depressed patients. It is necessary to analyse and appraise the existing models of collaboration to assess their applicability to the Spanish Health System. The aim of this study is to know the main characteristics of the different models of collaboration between PC and MH in the care of patients with depression and the quality of their effectiveness evidence. Methods: Systematic overview of secondary studies published from 2001 to 2010 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, LILACS, IBECS, IME and The Cochrane Library. Assessment of reviews applying the AMSTAR tool. Approximative synthesis of the quality of evidences. Results: A total of 69 studies were assessed. Quality of evidences is generally low or inconclusive due to the great variability among contexts and the methodological weaknesses. The most effective strategies integrate interventions for assigning responsibility for patient follow-up, redesigning management and communication/information sharing. Overviews of secondary studies on collaborative models facilitate access to published evidence, but entail important methodological challenges. Conclusion: The quality of evidences on effectiveness of PC-MH collaboration models in depression care is mainly low or inconclusive, and the more simplified are the analysis of components, processes and implementation conditions, the less meaningful and applicable they are (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Depressão/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Mental/normas , Planejamento de Instituições de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Planejamento de Instituições de Saúde , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Atenção à Saúde , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Index enferm ; 22(1/2): 35-39, ene.-jun. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-114991

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer las vivencias y perspectivas de psicólogos (P), trabajadores sociales (TS) y personal de enfermería (DUE) acerca de su papel en la atención al paciente con depresión. Método: Investigación cualitativa con diseño exploratorio y generación de información mediante dos grupos de discusión. Análisis temático y comparación de los hallazgos con un estudio previo con médicos de familia y psiquiatras. Triangulación entre investigadores. Resultados: El desconocimiento recíproco, la falta de coordinación, la borrosidad del diagnóstico y el riesgo de psiquiatrización aparecen como vivencias compartidas. Se subraya la importancia de lo biopsicosocial y se reivindican los roles propios. Se plantea la confusión existente en cuanto al papel de la psicoterapia y su llamativa carencia en los servicios de salud. Conclusiones: Los distintos profesionales que intervienen en el tratamiento de las personas con depresión presentan visiones particulares que es importante identificar y discutir para conseguir una atención integrada y orientada al paciente (AU)


Objectives: To know experiences and perspectives of psychologists, social workers and nurses about their role in the care of depressed patients. Method: Qualitative research with exploratory design and generation of information by means of two discussion groups. Recordings obtained after confidentiality agreement. Thematic analyses and comparison with the findings obtained in a previous study with family physicians and psychiatrists. Triangulation among researchers. Results: The main shared experiences are reciprocal lack of awareness, lack of coordination, fuzziness of the diagnosis, and risk of pathologizing problems of daily living. The non-medical professionals highlight the importance of biopsychosocial factors, while at the same time stressing the need for their own role. There is evidence of confusion regarding the role of psychotherapy and its remarkable absence in health centers. Conclusions: The different professionals that participate in the treatment of people with depression have specific visions that need to be identified and discussed in order to reach an integrated level of care. The collaboration must focus on the patient and engage the different professionals throughout the long care process (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Papel Profissional , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Técnicas Psicológicas , Serviço Social/métodos
11.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 44(10): 595-602, oct. 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-106617

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer las vivencias de los pacientes en tratamiento por depresión según sean atendidos por médicos de familia (MF) o por psiquiatras (PSQ), para identificar vías de mejora. Diseño: Metodología cualitativa orientada a la investigación de servicios de salud. Diseño exploratorio. Participantes y contextos: 31 pacientes diagnosticados de depresión y en tratamiento farmacológico durante al menos un año, procedentes de 20 centros de salud y 8 de salud mental del Servicio Vasco de Salud-Osakidetza en Bizkaia, agrupados según profesional (MF/PSQ) y nivel socioeconómico. Método: Generación de información mediante 5 grupos de discusión y 2 entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en 2009 y 2010. Grabación y transcripción, previo compromiso de confidencialidad y consentimiento informado. Análisis sociológico de los discursos. Triangulación de técnicas y contraste entre los investigadores. Resultados: Los pacientes presentan vivencias de la depresión vinculadas a los contextos sociales de procedencia y a los recorridos previos fuera y dentro de los servicios de salud. Dichos componentes están asimismo presentes en las percepciones sobre la calidad de la atención, con expectativas diferenciadas respecto de MF y PSQ. En general, se constatan carencias de tiempo y de psicoterapia. La colaboración entre ambos profesionales no surge espontáneamente como prioridad de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Las valoraciones de los pacientes aportan dimensiones propias sobre los componentes individual y contextual en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la depresión. Dichas dimensiones deberían ser tenidas en cuenta en la identificación de necesidades y en el diseño de estrategias compartidas por MF y PSQ para la mejora de su asistencia(AU)


Objectives: To explore the experiences of patients treated for depression either by general practitioners (GPs) or psychiatrists (Ps) with the aim of identifying improvement strategies. Design: Health services research-oriented qualitative methodology. Exploratory design. Participants and contexts: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with depression receiving pharmacological treatment for at least one year, belonging to 20 Health Centres and 8 Mental Health Centres of the Basque Health Service-Osakidetza in Bizkaia, and grouped according to the type of professional (GPs/Ps) and socioeconomic level. Method: Information generation by means of 5 discussion groups and 2 in-depth interviews carried out in 2009 and 2010. Recording and transcription with previous confidentiality agreement and informed consent. Sociological discourse analysis. Technique triangulation and agreement among researchers. Results: Patients’ experiences of depression are associated with their social contexts and their previous experience outside and inside the health services. These components also appear in perceptions on quality of care, with different expectations related to GPs and Ps. Deficiencies in time and psychotherapy are mentioned in general. Collaboration between both professionals does not spontaneously emerge as a patient priority. Conclusions: Patient assessments provide dimensions of individual and contextual components in the diagnosis and treatment of depression. These dimensions should be taken into account in the identification of needs and the design of strategies shared by GPs and Psychiatrists to improve care(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/prevenção & controle , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/métodos , Psiquiatria , Psiquiatria/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Saúde Mental/normas , Confidencialidade/psicologia , Confidencialidade/tendências , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Psicoterapia/métodos , Psicoterapia/tendências , Saúde Mental/tendências
12.
Aten Primaria ; 44(10): 595-602, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22575484

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To explore the experiences of patients treated for depression either by general practitioners (GPs) or psychiatrists (Ps) with the aim of identifying improvement strategies. DESIGN: Health services research-oriented qualitative methodology. Exploratory design. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTEXTS: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with depression receiving pharmacological treatment for at least one year, belonging to 20 Health Centres and 8 Mental Health Centres of the Basque Health Service-Osakidetza in Bizkaia, and grouped according to the type of professional (GPs/Ps) and socioeconomic level. METHOD: Information generation by means of 5 discussion groups and 2 in-depth interviews carried out in 2009 and 2010. Recording and transcription with previous confidentiality agreement and informed consent. Sociological discourse analysis. Technique triangulation and agreement among researchers. RESULTS: Patients' experiences of depression are associated with their social contexts and their previous experience outside and inside the health services. These components also appear in perceptions on quality of care, with different expectations related to GPs and Ps. Deficiencies in time and psychotherapy are mentioned in general. Collaboration between both professionals does not spontaneously emerge as a patient priority. CONCLUSIONS: Patient assessments provide dimensions of individual and contextual components in the diagnosis and treatment of depression. These dimensions should be taken into account in the identification of needs and the design of strategies shared by GPs and Psychiatrists to improve care.


Assuntos
Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/terapia , Medicina Geral , Satisfação do Paciente , Psiquiatria , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
13.
Aten Primaria ; 41(1): 33-40, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19187840

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To find out the perceptions of family doctors (FD) and psychiatrists (PS) on their inter-relationships in the health care of patients with depression. DESIGN: Qualitative methodology. Exploratory design based on FD and PS discussion groups (DG). SETTING: Primary health care centres (PHCC) and mental health centres (MHC) of the Basque Country Health Service in Vizcaya. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTEXT: A total of 29 FD from 20 PHCC, and 13 PS from 11 MHC, distributed according to the socioeconomic level of the reference population. The meetings were arranged and held in the PC research unit. METHODS: An intentional sample to configure 4 DG of FD and 2 of PS, homogenous as regards socioeconomic level, and heterogeneous as regards the centres they came from, work experience and gender. The meetings were recorded and transcribed and a sociological discourse analysis was made. Triangulation between researchers and results comparison with the participants was carried out. RESULTS: The perceptions and attitudes of the FD and PS differed, in their connections with the patient, expectations and health care context. In both cases they perceived the unsuitability of the real patient as regards the prefixed perceptions of the professional. The increase of the problem and its management seemed to be conditioned by a social medium which was uncontrolled, and due to increasing deficiencies in the collaboration between health care levels. CONCLUSIONS: Care of the patient with depression requires diagnostic and treatment approaches centred on the patient and shared by FD and PS.


Assuntos
Depressão , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Psiquiatria , Adulto , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
14.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 41(1): 33-40, ene. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-59898

RESUMO

Objetivos: conocer las percepciones de los médicos de familia (MF) y psiquiatras (PS) acerca de su interrelación en la asistencia a los pacientes con depresión. Diseño: metodología cualitativa. Diseño exploratorio basado en grupos de discusión (GD) de MF y PS. Emplazamiento: centros de salud (CS) de atención primaria (AP) y centros de salud mental (CSM) del Servicio Vasco de Salud-Osakidetza en Bizkaia. Participantes y contextos: un total de 29 MF de 20 CS y 13 PS procedentes de 11 CSM, distribuidos según el nivel socioeconómico de las poblaciones de referencia. La convocatoria y las reuniones se realizaron en la unidad de investigación de AP. Método: muestreo intencional para configurar 4 GD de MF y 2 de PS, homogéneos respecto al nivel socioeconómico, y heterogéneos en cuanto a centros de procedencia, experiencia laboral y sexo. Grabación y transcripción de las reuniones. Análisis sociológico del discurso. Triangulación entre investigadores y contraste de resultados con los participantes. Resultados: las percepciones y actitudes de MF y PS difieren en su vinculación con el paciente, expectativas y contexto asistencial. En ambos casos se percibe inadecuación del paciente real respecto de los esquemas prefijados por el profesional. El aumento del problema y su manejo aparecen condicionados por un medio social que no se controla, y por deficiencias crecientes en la colaboración entre niveles asistenciales. Conclusiones: la atención al paciente con depresión requiere de enfoques diagnósticos y tratamientos centrados en el paciente y compartidos por MF y PS(AU)


Objectives: To find out the perceptions of family doctors (FD) and psychiatrists (PS) on their inter-relationships in the health care of patients with depression. Design: Qualitative methodology. Exploratory design based on FD and PS discussion groups (DG). Setting: Primary health care centres (PHCC) and mental health centres (MHC) of the Basque Country Health Service in Vizcaya. Participants and context: A total of 29 FD from 20 PHCC, and 13 PS from 11 MHC, distributed according to the socioeconomic level of the reference population. The meetings were arranged and held in the PC research unit. Methods: An intentional sample to configure 4 DG of FD and 2 of PS, homogenous as regards socioeconomic level, and heterogeneous as regards the centres they came from, work experience and gender. The meetings were recorded and transcribed and a sociological discourse analysis was made. Triangulation between researchers and results comparison with the participants was carried out. Results: The perceptions and attitudes of the FD and PS differed, in their connections with the patient, expectations and health care context. In both cases they perceived the unsuitability of the real patient as regards the prefixed perceptions of the professional. The increase of the problem and its management seemed to be conditioned by a social medium which was uncontrolled, and due to increasing deficiencies in the collaboration between health care levels. Conclusions: Care of the patient with depression requires diagnostic and treatment approaches centred on the patient and shared by FD and PS(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Depressão , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Psiquiatria , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/terapia
17.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(2): 109-121, mar. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1360

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Conocer las valoraciones subjetivas de los pacientes prostatectomizados por cáncer acerca del proceso asistencial recibido y sus resultados. MÉTODO: Investigación cualitativa mediante entrevistas en profundidad. Doce de los catorce pacientes prostatectomizados en un Hospital Comarcal, por cáncer localizado de próstata. Muestreo intencional. Contacto por carta y telefónico quedando el lugar de la entrevista a elección del paciente. Realización de las entrevistas por uno de los autores ajeno al Hospital. Grabación y transcripción de las entrevistas previa autorización y garantía de confidencialidad. Análisis cualitativo de las transcripciones, notas recogidas e informes de alta. Validación mediante discusión compartida de los resultados tras la eliminación de los datos identificatorios. Trabajo recibido el 18 de mayo de 2000. Resultados terapéuticos. Su valoración por parte del enfermo varía según los resultados funcionales, síntomas previos, expectativas e interpretación de la información recibida. Dicha variabilidad requiere de una aproximación individual por el urólogo desde antes del diagnóstico hasta muy posteriormente a la cirugía. Se detectan en este sentido importantes carencias en la comunicación urólogo-paciente. CONCLUSIONES: El acercamiento a la perspectiva del paciente con cáncer localizado de próstata constituye un componente necesario, e insuficientemente desarrollado, tanto en el manejo clínico de dicha patología por parte del urólogo, como en su posterior evaluación. Además de los cambios de actitudes que ello puede conllevar, sería recomendable la incorporación de instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos que promuevan la valoración de la calidad de vida de los pacientes y su variabilidad, en la práctica cotidiana de los profesionales sanitarios involucrados. RESULTADOS: La transmisión de las vivencias del proceso asistencial desborda su presumible adecuación a las fases convencionales de diagnóstico, intervención y resultados terapéuticos. Su valoración por parte del enfermo varía según los resultados funcionales, síntomas previos, expectativas e interpretación de la información recibida. Dicha variabilidad requiere de una aproximación individual por el urólogo desde antes del diagnóstico hasta muy posteriormente a la cirugía. Se detectan en este sentido importantes carencias en la comunicación urólogo-paciente. CONCLUSIONES: El acercamiento a la perspectiva del paciente con cáncer localizado de próstata constituye un componente necesario, e insuficientemente desarrollado, tanto en el manejo clínico de dicha patología por parte del urólogo, como en su posterior evaluación. Además de los cambios de actitudes que ello puede conllevar, sería recomendable la incorporación de instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos que promuevan la valoración de la calidad de vida de los pacientes y su variabilidad, en la práctica cotidiana de los profesionales sanitarios involucrados (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Masculino , Humanos , Satisfação do Paciente , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Prostatectomia , Autoeficácia , Neoplasias da Próstata
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